Applies to: Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel)
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Beside, Windows enhances further TCP window scaling with auto tuning feature, where TCP stack in Windows system will auto tune and adjust the RWIN size to increase the percentage of full-sized TCP segments that are used during bulk data transmission based on the network scenario it encountered. Disable Windows Scaling heuristics Windows Vista/7 has the ability to automatically change its own TCP Window auto-tuning behavior to a more conservative state regardless of any user settings. It is possible for Windows to override the autotuninlevel even after an user sets their custom TCP auto-tuning level. TCP Receive Window Auto-Tuning Prior to Windows Server 2008, the network stack used a fixed-size receive-side window that limited the overall potential throughput for connections. One of the most significant changes to the TCP stack is TCP receive window auto-tuning.
Use the information in this topic to tune the performance network adapters for computers that are running Windows Server 2016 and later versions. If your network adapters provide tuning options, you can use these options to optimize network throughput and resource usage.
The correct tuning settings for your network adapters depend on the following variables:
The following sections describe some of your performance tuning options.
Enabling offload features
Turning on network adapter offload features is usually beneficial. Auto tune microphone games. However, the network adapter might not be powerful enough to handle the offload capabilities with high throughput.
Important
Do not use the offload features IPsec Task Offload or TCP Chimney Offload. These technologies are deprecated in Windows Server 2016, and might adversely affect server and networking performance. In addition, these technologies might not be supported by Microsoft in the future.
For example, consider a network adapter that has limited hardware resources.In that case, enabling segmentation offload features might reduce the maximum sustainable throughput of the adapter. However, if the reduced throughput is acceptable, you should go ahead an enable the segmentation offload features.
Note
Some network adapters require you to enable offload features independently for the send and receive paths.
Enabling receive-side scaling (RSS) for web servers
RSS can improve web scalability and performance when there are fewer network adapters than logical processors on the server. When all the web traffic is going through the RSS-capable network adapters, the server can process incoming web requests from different connections simultaneously across different CPUs.
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Important
Avoid using both non-RSS network adapters and RSS-capable network adapters on the same server. Because of the load distribution logic in RSS and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), performance might be severely degraded if a non-RSS-capable network adapter accepts web traffic on a server that has one or more RSS-capable network adapters. In this circumstance, you should use RSS-capable network adapters or disable RSS on the network adapter properties Advanced Properties tab.
To determine whether a network adapter is RSS-capable, you can view the RSS information on the network adapter properties Advanced Properties tab.
RSS Profiles and RSS Queues
The default RSS predefined profile is NUMAStatic, which differs from the default that the previous versions of Windows used. Before you start using RSS profiles, review the available profiles to understand when they are beneficial and how they apply to your network environment and hardware.
For example, if you open Task Manager and review the logical processors on your server, and they seem to be underutilized for receive traffic, you can try increasing the number of RSS queues from the default of two to the maximum that your network adapter supports. Your network adapter might have options to change the number of RSS queues as part of the driver.
Increasing network adapter resources
For network adapters that allow you to manually configure resources such as receive and send buffers, you should increase the allocated resources.
Some network adapters set their receive buffers low to conserve allocated memory from the host. The low value results in dropped packets and decreased performance. Therefore, for receive-intensive scenarios, we recommend that you increase the receive buffer value to the maximum.
Note
If a network adapter does not expose manual resource configuration, either it dynamically configures the resources, or the resources are set to a fixed value that cannot be changed.
Enabling interrupt moderation
To control interrupt moderation, some network adapters expose different interrupt moderation levels, different buffer coalescing parameters (sometimes separately for send and receive buffers), or both.
You should consider interrupt moderation for CPU-bound workloads. When using interrupt moderation, consider the trade-off between the host CPU savings and latency versus the increased host CPU savings because of more interrupts and less latency. If the network adapter does not perform interrupt moderation, but it does expose buffer coalescing, you can improve performance by increasing the number of coalesced buffers to allow more buffers per send or receive.
Performance tuning for low-latency packet processing
Many network adapters provide options to optimize operating system-induced latency. Latency is the elapsed time between the network driver processing an incoming packet and the network driver sending the packet back. This time is usually measured in microseconds. For comparison, the transmission time for packet transmissions over long distances is usually measured in milliseconds (an order of magnitude larger). This tuning will not reduce the time a packet spends in transit.
Following are some performance tuning suggestions for microsecond-sensitive networks.
System management interrupts
Many hardware systems use System Management Interrupts (SMI) for a variety of maintenance functions, such as reporting error correction code (ECC) memory errors, maintaining legacy USB compatibility, controlling the fan, and managing BIOS-controlled power settings.
The SMI is the highest-priority interrupt on the system, and places the CPU in a management mode. This mode preempts all other activity while SMI runs an interrupt service routine, typically contained in BIOS.
Unfortunately, this behavior can result in latency spikes of 100 microseconds or more.
If you need to achieve the lowest latency, you should request a BIOS version from your hardware provider that reduces SMIs to the lowest degree possible. These BIOS versions are frequently referred to as 'low latency BIOS' or 'SMI free BIOS.' In some cases, it is not possible for a hardware platform to eliminate SMI activity altogether because it is used to control essential functions (for example, cooling fans).
Note
The operating system cannot control SMIs because the logical processor is running in a special maintenance mode, which prevents operating system intervention.
Performance tuning TCP
You can use the following items to tune TCP performance.
TCP receive window autotuning
In Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, and later versions of Windows, the Windows network stack uses a feature that is named TCP receive window autotuning level to negotiate the TCP receive window size. This feature can negotiate a defined receive window size for every TCP communication during the TCP Handshake.
In earlier versions of Windows, the Windows network stack used a fixed-size receive window (65,535 bytes) that limited the overall potential throughput for connections. The total achievable throughput of TCP connections could limit network usage scenarios. TCP receive window autotuning enables these scenarios to fully use the network.
For a TCP receive window that has a particular size, you can use the following equation to calculate the total throughput of a single connection.
Total achievable throughput in bytes = TCP receive window size in bytes * (1 / connection latency in seconds)
For example, for a connection that has a latency of 10 ms, the total achievable throughput is only 51 Mbps. This value is reasonable for a large corporate network infrastructure. However, by using autotuning to adjust the receive window, the connection can achieve the full line rate of a 1-Gbps connection.
Some applications define the size of the TCP receive window. If the application does not define the receive window size, the link speed determines the size as follows:
For example, on a computer that has a 1-Gbps network adapter installed, the window size should be 64 KB.
This feature also makes full use of other features to improve network performance. These features include the rest of the TCP options that are defined in RFC 1323. By using these features, Windows-based computers can negotiate TCP receive window sizes that are smaller but are scaled at a defined value, depending on the configuration. This behavior the sizes easier to handle for networking devices.
Tcp Windows Auto Tuning
Note
You may experience an issue in which the network device is not compliant with the TCP window scale option, as defined in RFC 1323 and, therefore, doesn't support the scale factor. In such cases, refer to this KB 934430, Network connectivity fails when you try to use Windows Vista behind a firewall device or contact the Support team for your network device vendor.
Review and configure TCP receive window autotuning level
You can use either netsh commands or Windows PowerShell cmdlets to review or modify the TCP receive window autotuning level.
Mac will not boot after boot camp windows 7. Note
Unlike in versions of Windows that pre-date Windows 10 or Windows Server 2019, you can no longer use the registry to configure the TCP receive window size. For more information about the deprecated settings, see Deprecated TCP parameters.
Note
For detailed information about the available autotuning levels, see Autotuning levels.
To use netsh to review or modify the autotuning level
To review the current settings, open a Command Prompt window and run the following command:
The output of this command should resemble the following:
To modify the setting, run the following command at the command prompt:
Note
In the preceding command, <Value> represents the new value for the auto tuning level.
For more information about this command, see Netsh commands for Interface Transmission Control Protocol.
To use Powershell to review or modify the autotuning level
To review the current settings, open a PowerShell window and run the following cmdlet.
Disable Auto Tuning
The output of this cmdlet should resemble the following.
To modify the setting, run the following cmdlet at the PowerShell command prompt.
Note
In the preceding command, <Value> represents the new value for the auto tuning level.
For more information about these cmdlets, see the following articles:
Disable Tcp Auto Tuning Windows 7 Registry LocationAutotuning levels
You can set receive window autotuning to any of five levels. The default level is Normal. The following table describes the levels.
If you use an application to capture network packets, the application should report data that resembles the following for different window autotuning level settings.
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Deprecated TCP parameters
The following registry settings from Windows Server 2003 are no longer supported, and are ignored in later versions.
All of these settings were located in the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServicesTcpipParameters
Windows Filtering Platform
Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 introduced the Windows Filtering Platform (WFP). WFP provides APIs to non-Microsoft independent software vendors (ISVs) to create packet processing filters. Examples include firewall and antivirus software.
Note
A poorly-written WFP filter can significantly decrease a server's networking performance. For more information, see Porting Packet-Processing Drivers and Apps to WFP in the Windows Dev Center.
For links to all topics in this guide, see Network Subsystem Performance Tuning.
Window Auto-Tuning feature is said to improve the performance for programs that receive TCP data over a network. It is nothing new. It was introduced in Windows Vista and is present in Windows 10 too. In today’s Internet, the range of latencies & throughput speeds is just too large to manage statically. It needs to be adjusted dynamically. Windows 10 will dynamically adjust the receive buffer size to the throughput and latency of the link, using this feature.
Programs like Automatic Updates, Windows Update, Remote Desktop Connection, Windows Explorer for network file copy, etc, use WinHTTP or Windows HTTP Services.
Window Auto-Tuning feature is enabled by default in Windows 10 and makes data transfers over networks more efficient. But if your network uses an old router or your firewall software does not support this feature, then you may experience slow data transfers or even loss of connectivity.
To check the status of Auto-Tuning feature on your system, in an elevated command prompt windows, type the following and hit Enter:
If you see ‘normal’ written against Receive Window Auto-Tuning Level, it means that the feature is enabled and it is working fine.
To disable Windows AutoTuning, run the following command:
To enable Windows AutoTuning, run the following command:
You can also tweak the Windows Registry, says KB947239. To enable the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature for HTTP traffic, Run regedit and navigate to the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet SettingsWinHttp
Right-click on it > New > DWORD Value. Type TcpAutotuning and give it a vale of 1.
Click OK and exit.
Tcp Auto Tuning
To disable Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature for HTTP traffic, give it a value of 0 or delete the created TcpAutotuning DWORD.
Disable Tcp Auto Tuning Windows 7 Registry Windows 10
The Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature lets the operating system continually monitor routing conditions such as bandwidth, network delay, and application delay. Therefore, the operating system can configure connections by scaling the TCP receive window to maximize the network performance. To determine the optimal receive window size, the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature measures the products that delay bandwidth and the application retrieve rates. Then, the Receive Window Auto-Tuning feature adapts the receive window size of the ongoing transmission to take advantage of any unused bandwidth.
Let the default settings of Window Auto-Tuning feature be enabled. If your network uses an old router or your firewall software does not support this feature, and you are experiencing poor or no connectivity issues, only then may you disable this feature and see if it works in your favor.
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